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System.Core overview
What the standard library, System.Core, offers - by namespace, with the main types of each.
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System.Core is the standard library every program is built against. It is written in Antril and installed compiled, as System.Core.dll next to larva. To see any type's members, use larva show (for example larva show --no-bodies --public System.List) or hover over it in the editor.
import System;
import System.IO;
import System.Text;
into namespace Tour
{
Main()
{
Dictionary<str, i32> stock = new Dictionary<str, i32>();
stock["apples"] = 3;
stock["pears"] = 5;
Console.WriteLine(stock["pears"] + stock.Count);
File.WriteAllText("notes.txt", "one\ntwo\n");
loop (str line in File.ReadAllLines("notes.txt"))
Console.WriteLine(line.ToUpper());
JsonValue doc = JsonValue.Parse("{ \"name\": \"Ana\", \"tags\": [\"a\", \"b\"] }");
if (doc.Get("name") is JsonValue name)
Console.WriteLine(name.AsString);
Regex date = new Regex("(\\d+)-(\\d+)");
Console.WriteLine(date.Replace("10-31", "$2/$1"));
Console.WriteLine(Math.Sqrt(2.0));
Console.WriteLine(String.Join(", ", "a,b,c".Split(',')));
}
}
larva run
7
ONE
TWO
Ana
31/10
1.4142135623731
a, b, c
System
The core types and everything most programs use.
| Area | Types |
|---|---|
| Primitives | Int8 … Int256, UInt8 … UInt256, Float16 … Float256, Boolean (the types behind i32, f64…): Parse, ToString, MinValue, MaxValue, NaN, Epsilon… |
| Numbers | INumber<T> and ISignedNumber<T> (the number and snumber constraints), Number, NumberFormat. |
| Text | String (str), StringBuilder, Char (functions on code points), Unicode (UTF-8 and UTF-16 conversions). |
| Console | Console: Write, WriteLine, ReadLine, and the standard streams. |
| Math | Math: Abs, Min, Max, Clamp, Sign, Gcd, Sqrt, ISqrt, Pow, Exp, Log, Log2, Log10, Sin, Cos, Tan, Asin, Acos, Atan, Atan2, Floor, Ceiling, Truncate, Round, and PI, E, Tau. Each works on any number type, exactly on integers and on f128/f256. Random makes random numbers. |
| Collections | List<T>, Dictionary<K, V>, HashSet<T>, SortedDictionary<K, V>, SortedSet<T>, Stack<T>, Queue<T>, LinkedList<T>, PriorityQueue<T>, KeyValuePair<K, V>, Span<T>. |
| Arrays | Array (Sort, BinarySearch, Sum, Min, Max, Average…) and Lists (the same for lists). |
| Tuples and records | ValueTuple, Tuple (any number of elements), Records. |
| Iteration and equality | Iterator<T> (what a function with yield returns), IHashable<T> (Hash, Equals: dictionary keys), IComparable<T> (CompareTo), IToString. A type with an Iterator() method works in loop (x in c). |
| Errors | Exception and the standard errors (see Errors). |
| Time | DateTime (Now, UtcNow, Today), TimeSpan, DayOfWeek. |
| Program | Environment (GetCommandLineArgs, GetEnvironmentVariable, ProcessorCount, TickCount64), GC, Resources (files built into the program). |
| Reflection | Type (from typeof(T) or x.GetType()): fields, properties, methods, constructors, attributes, generic arguments; Activator; Attribute, FriendOfAttribute. |
| Exchange | Exchange: packs strings and bytes to pass between code built with different memory modes. |
System.IO
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
File |
Exists, ReadAllText, ReadAllLines, ReadAllBytes, WriteAllText, WriteAllBytes, Delete, GetLastWriteTime. |
Directory |
Exists, CreateDirectory, GetFiles, GetEntries, Delete. |
Path |
Combine, GetFileName, GetExtension, GetFileNameWithoutExtension, GetDirectoryName, ChangeExtension. |
Stream, FileStream, MemoryStream, BufferedStream |
Byte streams, synchronous and asynchronous (ReadAsync, WriteAsync, CopyToAsync…). |
StreamReader, StreamWriter, StringReader, StringWriter, TextReader, TextWriter |
Text over streams and strings, in UTF-8. |
BinaryReader, BinaryWriter |
Numbers and strings in binary form. |
IOError, EndOfStreamError |
What fails. |
System.Text
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
JsonValue, JsonKind, JsonReader |
Parse JSON (JsonValue.Parse), read it (Get, At, AsString, AsNumber, AsBool, IsNull), and build it (NewObject().Set(…), NewArray().Add(…), ToString()). |
Regex, Match |
Regular expressions: IsMatch, Match, Matches, Replace (with $1 groups). |
Encoding, UTF8Encoding |
Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text) and GetString(bytes). |
System.Net
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
TcpClient, TcpListener, NetworkStream |
TCP connections: TcpClient.Connect(host, port), listener.Accept(). |
HttpClient, HttpResponse |
HttpClient.Get(url). |
System.Diagnostics
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
Process |
Process.Run(command) runs a command and gives its exit code; Process.Run(program, arguments) gives a ProcessResult with its output; Process.Start starts one and lets you read it. |
Stopwatch |
Measures elapsed time. |
System.Threading and System.Threading.Tasks
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
Thread |
A thread running a function: Start, Join, Thread.Sleep. |
Mutex, Lock, Condition, SemaphoreSlim, CountdownEvent, ManualResetEvent, AutoResetEvent |
Synchronization. |
AtomicI32, AtomicI64, AtomicBool, Interlocked |
Atomic operations. |
ThreadPool, Parallel |
Parallel.For(from, to, i => …) and Parallel.Invoke(actions). |
ConcurrentQueue<T>, BlockingCollection<T> |
Collections shared between threads. |
Task, Task<T>, Scheduler |
What async functions return (see Async and reactive code). |
System.Reactive
Source, Effect, Computed and Reactive (Reactive.Batch): what reactive, computed and effect are built on (see Async and reactive code).
System.Runtime.InteropServices
| Types | What they do |
|---|---|
ImportAttribute, ExportAttribute |
Calling C functions, and being called from C. |
Marshal, Memory, NativeMemory |
Native memory and strings. |
ValueLayoutAttribute, FieldOffsetAttribute, Layout |
The exact layout of a value, for C structs and unions. |
See Native bindings.
System.Bindings
A separate library, System.Bindings.dll, for binding profiles: BindingProfile, BindingSettings, BindingModel, CFunction, CStruct, CEnum, CConstant, NameCase, SplitBy.